Words Story - Addictive Word Game Day 76

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Day 76:

Words Story Day 76 answer is (BALL).

What is the Corona virus for cats?

What is the Corona virus for cats

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease in cats that leads to high mortality due to its characteristic aggressiveness and lack of response to fever, along with other complications. This disease is comparatively high in the homes of multiple cats compared to those with only one cat. It is difficult to diagnose, control and prevent, and in cases of outbreaks within hatcheries and kennels, it can result in a high number of deaths. In most cases it is transmitted through the inhalation of pollutants in the air and infected feces, but the virus can also be transmitted by humans who have come into contact with the virus or can remain active on surfaces that have been contaminated.

This disease exploits weakened and immature immune systems, which spread through white blood cells as they move throughout the body. The highest incidence is found in kittens from three months to three years of age, with an incidence that decreases drastically after cats reach three years of age, when the immune system is stronger. Similarly, older cats with weakened immune systems are also more likely to acquire this disease.

SYMPTOMS AND TYPES

The symptoms of FIP vary according to the strain of virus involved, the state of the immune system of the cat and the affected organs. Two forms are reported, including the wet form (effusive form), which is directed to the body cavities, and the dry form (non-effusive), which is directed to the various organs. The wet form tends to progress more quickly than the dry form. In any case, the body condition suffers, with the hair layer becoming increasingly harsh and boring, and the cat increasingly lethargic and depressed.

Wet / effusive

Persistent and insensitive fever

Lack of appetite

Weight loss (gradual)

Little appetite

Diarrhea

Gradual swelling of the abdomen (belly appearance)

Accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity

Difficult breathing

Sneezing, runny nose

Lethargy

Dry / Non-effusive

Poor growth in kittens

Anemia

Jaundice

Diarrhea

Fever

Depression

Inflammation of various parts of the eye

Neurological symptoms (eg, loss of ability to coordinate movements, loss of vision)

CAUSES

FIP usually follows the infection of a feline coronavirus, which typically does not cause any external symptoms. It is assumed that there are some types of coronaviruses that are transformed into feline infectious peritonitis, either by themselves or as a result of a defect in the cat's immune response. Also complicating the matter is that a coronavirus can remain inactive in a cat's body for months before mutating to FIP. The FIP virus then infects white blood cells and uses them as a means of transport to invade the entire body.

DIAGNOSIS

This disease is historically difficult to diagnose because FIP can simulate other diseases. This is especially true in the dry form. There is not a single laboratory test available that can point decisively to FIP, but your veterinarian can make a presumptive diagnosis based on laboratory findings. A complete blood count can show changes in the number of white blood cells (white blood cells), and this will indicate that an infection is present, but it may not be clear what infection is present. While an ELISA or IFA test will show the presence of coronavirus antibodies, it can not distinguish the type of coronavirus, even if it is the cause of the condition of the cats, only that your cat has been in contact with the virus and has developed antibodies the. The level of antibodies is not a predictor of your cat's susceptibility to developing the disease.

There are also few changes in the biochemical profile tests. Your cat's veterinarian can use more specific tests, including a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, which can differentiate single DNA from FIP, but again, this only shows that the virus is a coronavirus, not what kind is it?

Your pet's veterinarian can take a sample of fluid from the abdominal or thoracic cavity for further evaluation. In some difficult cases to diagnose, abdominal surgery may be necessary for diagnosis. For the most part, veterinarians base their conclusions on a differential diagnostic process, whereby the veterinarian is guided by a deeper inspection of external symptoms, discarding all other diseases since the conditions are not met, and all the symptoms They point to a specific disease more than others.

New Drug May Mean That FIP is No Longer a Death Sentence for Cats

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a terrible diagnosis. Veterinarians don’t have much to offer cats with FIP other than symptomatic treatment that, at best, only keeps them comfortable for a relatively short period of time before death inevitably follows.

We may be on the verge of a big breakthrough in FIP treatment, however.

First a bit of background. FIP is caused by a coronavirus. This particular virus infects many kittens, usually only causing mild diarrhea from which the kitten recovers with little or no treatment. For most individuals, that’s the end, and the virus is never heard from again. But for other cats, the virus remains dormant in their bodies for a period of time before mutating and causing the disease we call FIP.

If cats can’t fight off the FIP virus, they develop a range of nonspecific symptoms like fever, lethargy, depression, poor appetite, and weight loss. In the “wet” form of FIP, fluid accumulates in the abdomen or chest. If no such fluid accumulations are found, a cat is said to have “dry” FIP. Neurologic abnormalities, difficulty breathing, and eye problems are all also possible with FIP.

Diagnosing cats with FIP is not easy. Immunological testing is available but is not good at differentiating between individuals who have been exposed to the “diarrhea-causing” form of the virus versus those who have current FIP infections.

In cats with wet FIP, the fluid is often fairly characteristic—you can stretch long strings of it out between your fingers because of its high protein content. This may be enough to lead to an FIP diagnosis when a cat’s symptoms also all point in that direction.

The dry form of FIP is usually a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning that a veterinarian has to rule out other potential causes of a cat’s symptoms and then is left saying “there’s not much else left to explain what’s going on; it’s probably FIP.” Tissue biopsies are an option when a definitive diagnosis is desired.

Once a cat has been diagnosed with FIP, owners have to choose between palliative care and euthanasia if a cat’s poor quality of life warrants it, but that might be changing if the results of a recently published paper hold.

Scientists gave FIP virus to eight cats. Once those cats reached a stage where their symptoms were bad enough that under normal circumstances they would inevitably die (some did receive medication and fluid therapy to keep them comfortable), treatment with an experimental, antiviral protease inhibitor called GC376 began. The cats received subcutaneous injections twice a day. Unfortunately, two cats were euthanized because their condition deteriorated to an unacceptable level, but the other six cats made near miraculous recoveries. According to the authors of the paper:

All six remaining cats showed rapid improvement in attitude and resolution of fever (Fig 3B). The profound absolute lymphopenia [low counts of a certain type of blood cell that fights infection] observed in all cats prior to antiviral treatment also returned to normal before the next blood testing one week later (Fig 3D) and weight losses were reversed and normal growth resumed (Fig 3C). Ascites [fluid buildup in the abdomen] and scrotal swelling indicative of peritonitis also gradually resolved after a week of antiviral treatment. All cats that received antiviral treatment for 14–20 days appeared normal by clinical observation and laboratory testing. The six recovered cats… have remained healthy showing no signs of relapse during an observation period up to 8 months. These experiments demonstrate that the protease inhibitor was able to reverse disease progression when treatment was initiated at advanced clinical stages of FIP.

If future studies go on to confirm that this potential drug is effective against naturally-occurring FIP, the disease may no longer be a death sentence for infected cats.

What best food you put for your cat

What best food you put for your cat

We spent a lot of time talking about the best way to feed the cats here, but I do not think we've ever mentioned what to put that food on. Last week, TheOldBroad mentioned that she had a couple of cats with skin problems related to eating in plastic food bowls. While this is not a common problem, it is certainly worth mentioning.

Allergies to plastic products have been documented in the scientific literature. I was looking for specific research from veterinarians when I came across this gem from the human side of things that I can not resist sharing:

Allergic contact dermatitis to several components of toilet seats is being recognized and reported more frequently. This report details the case of a girl who turned out to be allergic to plastic found in both a toilet seat and a school chair. Highlight the particular problems with the patch for young children and the difficulty in confirming the allergy to plastics.

Persistent allergic contact dermatitis to plastic toilet seats. Heilig S, Adams DR, Zaenglein AL. Pediatr Dermatol. 2011 Sep-Oct; 28 (5): 587-90. Epub 2011 April 26.

So although I could not find any scientific evidence to support the existence of plastic allergies in cats, it is logical to think that if the disease exists in people, it could also be a problem for animals.

The condition that is most often cited as caused by eating or drinking from a plastic container is called chin acne or feline acne. It is characterized by solid or pus-filled protrusions that mainly affect the chin region. Lesions may be related to allergy, but contact with plastic is not the only (or even the most frequent) underlying trigger. However, since changing the types of bowls is much simpler than diagnosing or controlling other types of allergies, it certainly makes sense to try a bowl change first.

Allergies to stainless steel have also been described (mainly in certain breeds of dogs, but why risk a potentially allergic cat?), Which leaves pottery or other types of resistant glassware as your best option. Whatever bowls you end up using, be sure to clean them thoroughly and regularly (daily is optimal). Baba laden bacteria that can form at the bottom of food bowls when ignored for too long is another possible trigger of chin acne.

If changing the cups of food and water and keeping them impeccably clean does not resolve the lesions, try cleaning the affected skin once or twice a day with benzoyl peroxide wipes that are used in the treatment of human acne. This is often all that is needed to resolve and prevent the recurrence of mild chin cases. A more aggressive treatment is needed when the area has itching, pain, swelling, swelling and / or drainage of pus or blood. A veterinarian can prescribe antibiotics, corticosteroids and other treatments that may be necessary to control the condition and recommend management techniques and / or maintenance therapy to prevent their return.

Canine Flu Now Infecting Cats

Canine Flu Now Infecting Cats

The "new" version of the canine flu (H3N2) that began as a 2015 outbreak in the Chicago area is news again.

The latest surveillance data available through Cornell University show that positive results have been identified in dogs from 29 states. But even more interesting is the recent report from the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine that reveals that a group of cats housed in a Northwest Indiana shelter have tested positive for the H3N2 canine influenza virus.

According to Sandra Newbury, clinical assistant professor and director of the Shelter Medicine program at the University of Wisconsin:

"The suspicions of an outbreak in cats really rose when a group of them showed unusual signs of respiratory disease," says Newbury. "While this first confirmed report from multiple cats with positive results for canine influenza in the US shows that the virus can affect cats, we hope that the infections and diseases in the fines continue to be quite rare."

We already knew that feline infections were possible because South Korean cats were infected with this version of the virus when it was first identified, and a cat tested positive for the disease in the United States last year, but now the University of Wisconsin reports that "it appears that the virus can replicate and spread from cat to cat."

"Sequential sampling of these individual cats have shown repeated positive and an increase in viral loads over time" Kathy Toohey-Kurth, chief of virology section at the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory says. Eight cats tested positive in consecutive tests. More had similar clinical signs, but "They recovered quickly before the tests and were negative."

The dogs in the shelter had H3N2 from canine influenza in which feline infections were diagnosed, but the cats were housed in a separate part of the facility and the "cat areas were cleaned before cleaning the dog areas." This just goes to show how contagious this particular flu virus can be.

Symptoms in infected cats have been similar to those seen in dogs and include "nasal discharge, congestion and malaise, as well as licking lips and excessive salivation." Symptoms have been resolved quickly and so far the virus has not been fatal in cats. "

I find this development fascinating because it shows how things change in the flu field. Just a couple of months ago I was telling cat owners that they did not seem to have anything to worry about when it came to H3N2 canine flu. No doubt there is still no reason to panic, but if your cat does develop symptoms compatible with the flu, a trip to the vet is necessary, especially if the cat has been sheltering in an environment or near dogs infected with the flu.

We simply do not know if this outbreak in cats will turn out to be an isolated event or a harbinger of what is to come. Only time will tell.

The foods that old cats love

The foods that old cats love

Our cats live longer than ever, which leads to the question: "What should old cats eat?"

If we talk about cats that are really reaching the end of their lives, I think the answer is "whatever they want".

Cats become extremely fussy as their quality of life diminishes, so I consider it a great success if we get them to eat something. However, before reaching that point, owners can do many things from the point of view of nutrition to maximize the health and longevity of their cats.

The digestive physiology of a cat changes as it gets older. Around the age of 11 or 12, the ability to digest fat begins to decrease. Fats contain more calories per gram than protein or carbohydrates, so this can have a major effect on a cat's ability to extract calories (energy) from food. To make matters worse, research has shown that about 20% of cats over the age of 14 have a reduced ability to digest proteins. Put these two conditions together and without dietary intervention, a cat will lose both fat and muscle mass. The loss of muscle mass is especially worrisome because these people have an increased risk of illness and death.

Most older cats also have some degree of arthritis and have an increased risk of kidney disease. Advanced age also increases the production of free radicals within the body. A free radical is "a group of atoms that contain oxygen and electrons that can alter and damage the chemical structure of cells or other compounds."

Free radicals essentially "steal" electrons from what is nearby. When another molecule is forced to abandon an electron, it often becomes a free radical in itself, which continues the cell injury cycle.

Based on all this, a good diet for a big cat has the following characteristics:

High levels of antioxidants (for example, vitamins A, C and E, beta carotene and selenium) to counteract the damage of free radicals.

Low levels of phosphorus to protect the kidneys. High-quality protein sources contain less phosphorus than low-quality sources.

Enough protein to maintain a cat's muscle mass. Extra carnitine (an amino acid) can also help in this regard.

Fish oils and other sources of essential fatty acids to counteract the effects of brain aging and promote joint health.

A moderate to high level of fat, based on the score of the cat's body condition. Skinny cats need a lot of fat to maximize their caloric intake. Overweight cats can do it with a little less.

And last but certainly not least, excellent palatability and odor to stimulate the appetite.

These recommendations can certainly change if an old cat suffers from an illness that is managed, at least in part, through the diet. Ask your veterinarian to help you determine what particular food might be best for your cat based on your individual needs.

Learn a lot of tips for taking care of cats

Learn a lot of tips for taking care of cats

It probably does not surprise anyone that an older cat has different needs than a young cat. But how do you know when your cat is older?

In general, cats older than 7-10 years old should be considered elderly. With the increase in age, changes in the body also occur. For example, in one study, it was observed that approximately 90% of cats over 12 years old had radiographic evidence of arthritis. It goes without saying that pain and mobility arise with arthritis. If your older cat has become less active and is now reluctant to jump over counters and other areas that you used to frequent, it may be because your cat has developed arthritis.

Similarly, without proper care, dental disease can be a problem, especially for older pets. You may be surprised to learn that veterinarians find evidence of dental disease in many pets at 2-3 years of age. If nothing is done to take care of your cat's mouth, when your cat is in his / her third age, he may have lost some teeth. Dental disease can be painful, making it difficult for your cat to eat or even avoid eating. This can result in weight loss and sloppy fur.

Dental disease is certainly not the only disease that can lead to weight loss. Older cats often suffer from kidney, thyroid, liver, heart disease and other conditions that can cause weight loss.

On the other hand, some older cats may have the opposite problem. Some cats will become less active with age, they will basically become addicted to television and gain weight as a result. Obesity is a major health problem in cats of all ages, and older cats are no different.

What can you do to help your older cat? Here are some tips:

Schedule regular visits with your veterinarian. Your cat should be examined at least once a year if it looks healthy, since many diseases are hidden and not obvious. Remember that it is much cheaper to prevent disease than to treat it!

Ask for an assessment of body condition during each veterinary visit. Body condition is crucial in determining if your senior cat is overweight, underweight or an ideal body weight. In fact, you should also ask your veterinarian to show you how to assess your cat's body condition at home.

Feed your older cat with a diet with adequate levels of protein. Avoid vegan or vegetarian diets. Cats are obligate carnivores. They require nutrients such as taurine and arachidonic acid that are only found in animal sources. They also require a higher level of protein than dogs, comparatively. Learn to read a pet food label and feed a diet that is appropriate for your cat's age and lifestyle.

Feed your cat so that it stays at its ideal body weight. Overweight cats have a higher incidence of diseases such as diabetes, liver disease, skin disease and even cancer. Your veterinarian can help you choose an appropriate diet for your cat. Your cat must be fed carefully to ensure that all your nutrient needs are met. Some obese cats may require a specialized diet that is lower in calories but rich in nutrients. Diets rich in L-carnitine may be useful for weight loss. The level of carbohydrates in cat food is controversial, but an adequate combination of carbohydrates can help your cat feel satiated.

Consider strengthening your senior cat's diet with fatty acids such as DHA and EPA. It has been shown to be useful for cats with mobility problems due to arthritis or other joint diseases. Supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin are also beneficial for older cats.

Consider a special diet if your older cat has heart or kidney disease. For example, low sodium diets are sometimes recommended for cats with heart disease, while diets that help control phosphorus, calcium, and other electrolyte levels are given to cats with kidney disease. Your veterinarian can help you choose the best food for your cat based on your cat's individual situation.

Ask about special diets for cats with hyperthyroidism. Diets with restricted levels of iodine are now available as a possible management method for cats with hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid gland). However, it is important that cats with normal thyroid function do not consume these diets. If you have questions, ask your veterinarian.

Take care of your cat's mouth Brushing your cat's teeth may seem like a silly idea

How to Know the Life of a Cat

How to Know the Life of a Cat

When you adopt a cat from a shelter or deviate from it, it is usually impossible to know the exact age of your new family member. Of course, there is a clear difference between a kitten and an older cat, but for the inexperienced eye, the intervening years may seem a lot. It is likely that you bring her to a veterinarian, who will perform a physical examination and perhaps perform some tests to help determine the approximate age of your kitten. But what exactly do doctors look at? And how accurate are your estimates?

For more information, we spoke with Dr. Erick Mears, medical director of BluePearl Veterinary Partners in Florida, and Dr. Rachel Barrack of Animal Acupuncture in New York City to find out how experts determine the age of a cat.

How old is my cat? The perspective of a veterinarian

Because each animal matures at a different rate, even veterinarians have trouble knowing for sure how many years, months and days a cat has been on the planet. However, they can make a very educated guess.

"When I give someone an estimate about their cat's age, I tend to start by looking at the teeth," Barrack said. Teeth can be strong indicators of a cat's potential age, especially in younger animals. Usually, a kitten's baby teeth begin to appear when they are about three weeks old, and all 26 are present when they reach six weeks of age. The ages between three and six months can be determined by the speed at which the milk teeth are falling and their permanent replacements are entering.

If veterinarians see a full set of adult teeth, they generally assume that the cat is at least six months old, and if those teeth are clean and sharp, it is likely that the cat is less than two years old. After that, however, things can get murky. "Beyond two years it becomes much more difficult to tell the age of the cat by its teeth," Mears said.

After looking at a cat's teeth, doctors then examine the shield and the muscular system for more clues. Younger cats often have bright coats and strong muscle definition in the legs and back. Around 10 to 14 years old, cats may start having problems digesting proteins and fats and, as a result, may have reduced muscle mass and lose weight. Older cats also have a high risk of developing arthritis that limits their mobility and ability to groom themselves, resulting in fur that becomes opaque and matted.

Beyond physical examination, lab work on older kittens can help veterinarians determine a patient's age. Kidney problems can appear around ten years, and hyperthyroidism indicators a year or two later, however, Mears said he has seen them in cats up to six years old or as old as 22.

So, how much time is a year of cat in human years?

Once you know approximately how old your kitten is, you can compare her age with yours. It turns out that the ratio of cat years to human years is not as simple as a single conversion rate; Cats develop faster during their first two years of life and then slow down. Then, at the end of your first year, your cat is approximately in the same stage of development as a human 10 or 15 years old, and for two years, your cat will have about 25 in human years. "After that, cats tend to develop more slowly," Barrack said, aging about four or five human years every 12 months.

Putting your pet's age in human terms not only helps you empathize with your cat, it also shows the importance of regular veterinary checks. "A one-year time frame in the life of a cat is significant," says Mears. "Things can change drastically." If a year of adult cat is equivalent to four or five human years, it is easy to see how arthritis could develop, it could decrease organ function and neurological changes could develop in a seemingly short period of time.

What is the age of cats?

What is the age of cats

Pet parents want to know how long they can expect their cats to live. The information helps with practical planning and emotional readiness. And while nobody can tell you exactly how long an individual’s lifespan will be, statistics do allow us to answer the question “How long do cats live?” in a general way.

The feline life expectancy that is quoted in reference texts varies, but a good, average figure is 10 to 15 years.Another statistic that veterinarians commonly use in practice is the following:

Cats who spend significant unsupervised time outdoors tend to survive to be about 7 years old, while indoor-only cats can be expected to live to around 14 years of age.

These numbers may seem low, but they represent an average of the lifespans of ancient, well-cared-for kitties; unfortunate individuals who died early from disease or accident; and everybody in between.

Here’s an example using a rather typical litter of four. The senior citizen of the group makes it to 18 years old, with another sibling dying from an age-related disease at a very respectable 15. So far, so good. However, one littermate succumbed to an infectious disease as a kitten and the fourth cat was killed by a car at the relatively young age of 10. If you look at the litter as a whole, they fall on the low end of that 10- to 15-year life expectancy range, despite the longevity of two of the cats.

Another way to answer the question “How long do cats live?” is to look at the different aging rates of pets and people. In other words, we can ask “How old is my cat in ‘human’ years?”

An often-quoted formula says that we should multiply a cat's actual age by five to get its age in “human” years, but this is inaccurate because cats experience their entire infancy, childhood, and a large part of their adolescence in their first year of life. A chart produced by the American Animal Hospital Association and the American Association of Feline Practitioners does a much better job of comparing human and feline life stages:

Age of Cat	Human Age Equivalent
0-1 month	0-1 year
2-3 months	2-4 years
4 months	6-8 years
6 months	10 years
7 months	12 years
12 months	15 years
18 months	21 years
2 years	24 years
3 years	28 years
4 years	32 years
5 years	36 years
6 years	40 years
7 years	44 years
8 years	48 years
9 years	52 years
10 years	56 years
11 years	60 years
12 years	64 years
13 years	68 years
14 years	72 years
15 years	76 years
16 years	80 years
17 years	84 years
18 years	88 years
19 years	92 years
20 years	96 years

Continue to add four years for every year a cat is fortunate enough to live past the age of 20.

The best way to maximize your cat’s life expectancy, regardless of how it is calculated, is to provide excellent nutrition, ample exercise and mental stimulation, all necessary veterinary care including preventive medicine, protection from outdoor risks, and lots and lots of love and attention.